I woke up very early this morning and looked out my bedroom window and Wow!

The eastern sky was just stunning; the dawn colours were amazing with beautiful crepuscular rays of light right up the horizon… I was off and running to grab my camera, what a way to start the day :-D

​ Image was taken with a Canon G7x M11 camera with manual focus, ISO 125 1/80th second exposure.

I just love it when we have an early morning thunderstorm, I raced outside with my camera when the Sun peeked out in the eastern sky to see what was happening in the west, and there it was!
A beautiful rainbow to light up my day :-)
 
Image was taken with a Canon 70D camera and Tamron 18-400mm lens with settings at 1/350th second and ISO200.

~ Incredible looking storm clouds (Mammatus Clouds) ~
 
Oh Wow, this is what the sky looked like before the thunderstorm hit, how incredible are these clouds they looks so ferocious!!!
 
Mammatus clouds get their name from the cellular pattern of pouches hanging underneath the base of the cloud and are usually associated with severe thunderstorms.
 
We have been having thunderstorms nearly every afternoon at the moment but its been a long time since I’ve seen these amazing clouds…this time we didn’t get hail thank goodness, just a lot of heavy rain, thunder and lightning.
 
Images were just taken with my iPhone as the storm was approaching very quickly and I worry about getting hit with lightning!!!!
 
Some more information on these Mammatus Clouds at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammatus_cloud
 
https://www.antarctica.gov.au/news/2020/mammatus-cloud-show-captured-by-lucky-scientists/

We have had thunderstorms nearly every afternoon since the comet started its journey outward having survived its touch with the Sun.  My husband and I raced up to Mt Tamborine west of the Gold Coast to get a clearer view of the western sky.
 
To my dismay there was a lot of smoke in the sky, it did make for a beautiful coloured sunset photo but for any chance of seeing the comet, well we would just have to wait and see!
 
I took some test shots with the camera and at 6.40pm you could just make out the comet low in the western sky, fantastic! Also, by this time the full Moon was now coming up in the opposite direction - Oh dear :-o  - Oh well - I did the best I could; the main thing was I got the Comet…Yay!
 
I really think if there had not been smoke and light from the Moon then the Comet would have looked truly spectacular.
 
My Images were taken with a Canon 70D camera and 18-400 Tamron lens on a tripod with numerous exposure settings from 2 seconds to 4 second and ISO from 400 to 3200.

After a whole night of observing in my observatory, I opened the door and looked to the east at the pretty dawn sky and saw a very faint smudge; I asked myself could that be the comets tail?
 
All I had with me was my little Canon G7x Mark 11 point and shoot camera so I rested it on the car bonnet and took some images…Wow, yes there it was!
 
To my delight you could clearly make out this huge faint gas tail going right up the horizon, I just wish I had come out earlier and taken some images, but that’s all right I’ve managed to capture it anyway :-)
 
This Canon camera is just amazing for night-time shots, because its lens goes down to F1.8; the settings for these photos were 5-second exposures and ISO3200. I always use manual focus for infinity that way the stars are in focus.
 
I’m at my dark sky site at my Stardust Observatory in Leyburn, QLD, Australia.

​~ Wow! Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS (C/2023 A3) at dawn (4:32am) in Australia on the 1st October 2024 ~
 
Wow, I could not believe my eyes when I went outside at 4.30am and saw the comet naked eye low in the eastern sky, it was as clear as could be; it was so exciting!
 
I had to work very quickly as dawn light was approaching, in the end I really had only about 6 minutes to work with but I’m so thrilled to have captured it…Woohoo!
 
My images were taken with a Canon 70D camera and a Tamron 18-400mm lens, exposure time was 6 second with ISO800 and they are only one-shot images.

Time of images from 4.32 to 4.38am, after that, the sky was just too light :-D

I had to hurry home to get some photos of this vibrate coloured rainbow late this afternoon…it was very pretty :-)
 
Images were taken with just my iPhone on automatic.
 
Information from the UK Met Office website at:
https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/optical-effects/rainbows/double-rainbows
 
How are double rainbows formed?
Double rainbows are formed when sunlight is reflected twice within a raindrop with the violet light that reaches the observer's eye coming from the higher raindrops and the red light from lower raindrops.
This means the sequence of colours is inverted compared to the primary rainbow, with the secondary bow appearing about 10 degrees above the primary bow.
 
Rainbows are refracted and reflected sunlight and are complicated:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atmos/rbowpath.html
 
Rainbow Principles:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_principle.svg
​
https://old.atoptics.co.uk/rainbows/sec.htm
 
Now that was the science behind rainbows, but really, they are just a beautiful thing to see :-D

Thank you so much for your explanation on how the unusual orange colour of Aurora is created, it helps me understand what I had captured in my images near Skagway in Alaska in May 2024.

I thought there was something wrong with my pictures,
​it looks like other people were also confused about what they had captured!
 
https://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=20&month=08&year=2024
 
I took this beautiful picture of the Aurora Borealis from the back of our Holland America cruise ship
called the Koningsdam between 1 to 2am on the morning on the 1st May 2024.
 
I was determined to try and capture the northern lights while we were in Alaska and the town of Skagway was the most northern point of our night-time journey at latitude 59.45’ North.
 
The sea was extremely calm as the ship cruised the inside passage and that is why I was able to take these images of the sky for up to 30 seconds to capture the beautiful aurora with the stars.
 
I come from Australia in the southern hemisphere so I was so thrilled and very excited to see and captured them :-)
 
Both images are just one photograph, using a Canon 70D camera and a Tokina 11-16mm F2.8 lens, on a tripod; exposures were just 30 seconds & ISO1600.
 
Link to my pictures on Spaceweather.com at
https://spaceweathergallery2.com/indiv_upload.php?upload_id=211648

I woke up very early to find that our bedroom was bathed in a soft red light; I jumped out of bed and looked outside to see this glorious red coloured dawn sky…Wow!
 
I ran quickly downstairs to grab my iPhone and flew outside to capture some images before it faded into the morning light.
 
What a beautiful sight to behold, the colours were amazing, now for some science :-)

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

Rayleigh and Mie (Extract of article)
Some of the most picturesque clouds occur close to sunrise and sunset, when they appear in brilliant yellows, oranges, and reds. The colors result from a combination of Rayleigh and Mie scattering.
 
At sunrise and sunset, the Sun is low in the sky, and its light passes close to the Earth’s surface where the atmosphere is most dense. As light enters the atmosphere at this angle, it refracts with the greatest bend due to this higher density, causing the light's path to lengthen, further allowing for more Rayleigh scattering.
 
Most of the shorter blue wavelengths are scattered on this longer path, leaving the majority of longer waves to continue. As light continues to move through the atmosphere, yellow wavelengths are scattered leaving orange wavelengths.
 
Further scattering of orange wavelengths leaves red as the predominant color of sunlight.
Therefore, near sunrise and sunset, a cloud's color will be whatever sunlight color it receives after Rayleigh scattering. Mei scattering scatters all remaining wavelength colors equally within the cloud.
 
To continue reading more please go to the NOAA link below:
https://www.noaa.gov/jetstream/clouds/color-of-clouds
​

~ Morning Glory the sounds and beauty of dawn ~

For the past few days we have had the most glorious sunrises and sunsets, with stunning pink and crimson colours.
 
There has also been a lot of activity with large bands of wave clouds quickly moving across our daytime sky,
at times, I've just had to stop the car to take pictures :-)

All these images were taken with just an iPhone as I was out and about in the car
​from the 9th June until the 12th June 2024.

Keep looking up; you never know what you’ll find : - )